Magma allows the construction of residue fields, localization of rings, and completion of rings. These constructions really just create appropriate rings of different categories within Magma.
Given a maximal ideal I of a ring R, create the residue class field K of the quotient ring R/I, together with a map sending an element of R to the corresponding element of K.
Given a ring R and elements a1, ..., ar of R, which generate a prime ideal P of R, create the localization L of R at P, together with a map sending an element of R to the corresponding element of L.
Given a ring R and a prime ideal P of R, create the localization L of R at P, together with a map sending an element of R to the corresponding element of L.
Given a ring R and elements a1, ..., ar of R, which generate a prime ideal or zero ideal P of R, create the completion C of R at P, together with a map sending an element of R to the corresponding element of C.
Given a ring R and a prime ideal or zero ideal P of R, create the completion C of R at P, together with a map sending an element of R to the corresponding element of C.
Given a ring R create the univariate transcendental extension R[x] of R. This is equivalent to PolynomialRing(R).
Given a ring R and an integer n ≥1, create the multivariate transcendental extension R[x1, ..., xn] of R. This is equivalent to PolynomialRing(R, n).