11 Homological Algebra

11.1 Basic Algebras

A basic algebra is a finite dimensional algebra A over a field, all of whose simple modules have dimension one. In the literature such an algebra is known as a "split" basic algebra. The type in Magma is optimized for the purposes of doing homological calculations.

  • Creation from a sequence of projective modules and a path tree for each module

  • Creation of the basic algebra corresponding to the group algebra of a p-group over GF(p).

  • Arithmetic

  • Extension and restriction of the coefficient ring

  • Tensor product

  • Opposite algebra

  • Construction of modules over basic algebras

  • Submodules, quotient modules, radicals and socles

  • Projective covers and injective hulls

  • Algebra as a right regular module over itself

11.2 Chain Complexes

Complexes of modules are a fundamental object in homological algebra. Conceptually, a complex is an infinite sequence of modules, indexed by integers, with maps between successive modules such that the composition of any two maps is zero.

  • Creation of a complex from a list of A-modules

  • Subcomplexes and quotient complexes

  • Operations on complexes: Splice, shift, direct sum

  • Exact extensions, zero extensions

  • Dual of a complex

  • Homology groups of a complex

  • Boundary maps

  • Construction of chain maps between complexes

  • Composition of chain maps

  • Image, kernel and cokernel of a chain map

  • Predicates for chain maps: Surjection, injection, isomorphism

  • Injective resolution (for modules over a basic algebra)

  • Projective resolution (for modules over a basic algebra)

  • Extending cohomology elements as chain maps

  • Maps induced on homology by chain maps, long exact homology sequence